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AMI 400TPx

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INTRODUCTION

  • The AMI-400TPx sets a new benchmark in fully automated chemisorption analysis, combining advanced capabilities with outstanding economic efficiency. Designed with unattended operation at its core, it addresses the high standards and evolving needs of catalyst researchers while minimizing operating costs and maximizing laboratory productivity.
  • This space-saving system is equipped with robust control components and advanced data processing software, enabling the delivery of accurate kinetic parameters critical for catalyst characterization. Its compact, cost-effective design makes it an ideal choice for labs with limited space or budget, without compromising analytical performance.
  • The AMI-400TPx comes standard with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction and oxidation (TPR/O), and temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) capabilities. For laboratories with more advanced requirements, optional features include pulse chemisorption, a sub-ambient temperature module, a mass spectrometer for evolved gas analysis, and a gas chromatograph for detailed component separation and quantification. This flexibility allows users to tailor the system to their specific research goals while maintaining a practical, affordable approach to catalyst evaluation.
  • ✔ Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD)
    ✔ Temperature-programmed reduction/oxidation (TPR/O)
    ✔ Temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR)

    Options：

    ✔ Pulse chemisorption
    ✔ Sub-ambient module
    ✔ Mass spectrometer
    ✔ Gas chromatograph

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  • AMI-400TPx chemisorption analyzer

SOFTWARE

  • One of the key advantages of the AMI-400TPx is its ability to operate without constant operator supervision, making it an ideal solution for busy research environments. Once the experiment is set up and running, the system performs fully automated sequences, freeing up valuable time for researchers to focus on data analysis, planning, or other laboratory activities.
  • The instrument is designed to run on a standard Windows-based computer, providing a familiar and user-friendly interface. It also supports Internet connectivity, enabling remote monitoring and control when needed. This flexibility ensures that the AMI-400TPx can be easily integrated into the existing digital infrastructure of any laboratory.
  • Moreover, the same computer used to control the instrument can be utilized to manage additional laboratory tasks, streamlining operations and reducing the need for multiple workstations. This combination of automation, connectivity, and multitasking capability makes the AMI-400TPx a powerful and practical tool for modern catalyst research laboratories.
  • AMI-400TPx operation interface
  • The AMI-400TPx features a user-friendly interface and intuitive layout that simplifies experimental design. Users need only to input the changeable process variables, while the system automatically handles the rest—making setup quick and error-free. Flexible selection or customization of methods such as TPD, TPO, TPR, TPSR, and pulse calibration is supported, with the ability to configure up to 99 fully automated programs. A complete experiment can be set up in just a few minutes, streamlining workflows and boosting lab productivity.
  • AMI-400TPx experiment setting interface
  • The AMI-400TPx is equipped with a multi-layered safety system that combines hardware, firmware, and software safeguards to ensure reliable and secure operation. On the hardware side, a temperature safety switch provides immediate protection against furnace overheating. Built-in firmware-level factory-set alarms offer an additional layer of control to prevent unsafe operating conditions. At the software level, an intuitive interface allows users to configure a wide range of safety protection programs, including automated alarms, manual valve control, and real-time input of gas flow and temperature settings. Together, these features deliver robust, comprehensive protection throughout every stage of operation.
  • AMI-400TPx alarms setting interface

PARAMETERS

  •   AMI-400TPx
    Number of Stations< 1
    Temperature range -100°C(optional)-1200°℃
    Mass flow controller 1
    Temperature ramp rates 0.1 - 50 ℃/min
    Gas inlets 6 analysis ports, 4 pulse port
    Operating Pressure Atmospheric pressure
    Gas flow rate 2-100 sccm
    Sample tube

    Quartz U-shaped tube, bubble tube
    TCD detector Tungsten-rhenium filament
    Process Tubing 316L Stainless Steel, 1/16 inch
    Seals Viton, Buna-N,Kalrez,etc
    Dimensions L 17.0 in (43 cm) x W 25.2 in (64 cm) × H 24.5 in (62 cm)

AMI-400

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INTRODUCTION

  • The AMI-400 Series is the latest generation of fully automated chemisorption analyzers developed by Advanced Measurement Instruments (AMI). After nearly three years of focused development—driven by evolving research demands and supported by a robust global supply chain—the AMI-400 Series has officially launched.
  • Engineered for precision, safety, and user-friendly operation, the AMI-400 characterizes catalysts under both temperature-programmed and isothermal conditions. It provides detailed insights into surface chemistry, adsorption behavior, and reaction mechanisms—making it an essential instrument for catalysis, materials science, environmental research, and energy innovation.
  • Standard：
  • • Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD)
    • Temperature-programmed reduction/ oxidation (TPR/O)
    • Temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR)
    • Pulsed chemisorption
    • Dynamic BET surface area
  • Options：
  • • Sub-ambient temperatures
    • Mass spectrometer
    • Gas chromatograph
    • FTIR
    • Vapor dosing

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  • AMI-400 chemisorption analyzer

KEY FEATURES

  • Precise Thermal Conductivity Detector
  • The instrument is equipped with a high- precision, four-wire rhenium-tungsten TCD detector, featuring a constant temperature range from room temperature to 200°C. Additionally, filament types can be customized to match specific research needs, or the system can be integrated with auxiliary gas detectors such as mass spectrometers, FTIR, or FID, providing enhanced analytical versatility for a wide range of experimental applications.
  • All-in-One Constant Temperature
  • Precise Vapor Control – Ensures a stable and uniform temperature for consistent and reliable performance. Simplified Vapor Operation – Designed for easy and efficient vapor handling, optimizing experimental conditions and reproducibility.
  • Intelligent Gas Inlet Interface
  • A user-friendly port design eliminates the need for users to manually determine the type of gas used (carrier gas, process gas, or pulse gas); the software automatically selects the appropriate gas. The eight inlet ports meet daily testing needs, allowing multiple experiments without frequent gas interface changes, thus reducing user operations.
  • Integrated Constant Temperature Valve Box
  • The instrument’s process tubing is heated using a convection oven, maintaining a uniform temperature distribution with a maximum temperature of 150ºC. This design eliminates cold spots in the stainless-steel tubing, valves, and TCD detector, ensuring optimal performance and accurate measurements.
  • Precise Temperature Control
  • The system offers a temperature range from - 130°C (with optional configuration) to 1200°C, with linear heating ramps from 1 to 50°C/min.
  • Automatic Air-Cooling Module
  • Software - Controlled Automation – Enables precise and efficient cooling with no manual intervention required. Rapid Furnace Cooling - Utilizes air cooling technology to quickly lower furnace temperature, enhancing turnaround time and overall operational efficiency.
  • Accurate Flow Control System
  • High-precision MFCs regulate gas flow from 2–100 SCCM, ensuring stable, accurate measurements. A built-in mixing volume enables real-time gas blending for flexible experimental setups.
  • Cold Trap
  • A dedicated cold trap is installed downstream of the sample to effectively remove condensable substances before they reach the TCD detector, ensuring accurate measurements and extending the TCD’s operational lifetime.

SAFTEY FEATURES

  • Integrated Exhaust Fan – Prevents the accumulation of toxic and harmful gases, ensuring a safe and controlled operating environment.
  • Comprehensive Temperature Monitoring – Continuously tracks internal instrumentation temperature, TCD temperature, and process component temperatures to ensure precise thermal control and operational safety.
  • Intelligent Fault Diagnosis & Alarm System – Features automated fault detection and real- time alerts, enhancing system reliability, protection, and user safety.
  • Self-Locking Door
  • The instrument features an interlocked safety door, designed to prevent accidental contact during experiments. Equipped with an electronic safety lock, it ensures the door remains securely closed throughout the process, providing enhanced safety and operational reliability.
  • Triple Thermocouple Design
  • The system incorporates a Triple Thermocouple Design for precise temperature control and enhanced safety:
    • Bed Temperature Control Thermocouple – Ensures accurate temperature regulation of the sample.
    • Furnace Thermocouple – Monitors and stabilizes the overall furnace environment.
    • Overtemperature Protection Thermocouple – Provides an additional safety layer to prevent overheating.
  • Hard Wired Over-Temperature
  • power protection system, ensuring safe and reliable operation.

SOFTWARE

  • User-Friendly Software Interface
  • A clear graphical interface with logical flow simplifies navigation, minimizes errors, and ensures smooth experimentation with real- time monitoring and traceable data logging.
  • The system offers comprehensive data processing capabilities, including peak fitting, peak separation, integration, differentiation, and overlay analysis of signal peaks. This enables precise characterization of surface features of catalysts, distribution of acidic and basic-sites, activation energy, reaction kinetics, and more.
    • Clear Control System: Real-time monitoring with a visual software system
    • Simultaneously displays gas flow, temperature, and other information.
    • Real-time display of temperature programming
    • Real-time display of valve status
  • AMI-400 operation interface
  • AMI-400 experiment setting interface
  • AMI-400 experiment model setting
  • AMI-400 sample regulation
  • TPR on Cobalt Oxide
  • Pulse Chemisorption on 0.5% Pt/Al2O3

SPECIFICATIONS

  • Sample loading 0.1-5g
    Number of workstations 1 analysis station
    Temperature control range Room temperature -1200°C (option: sub-ambient starts at -130°C)
    Heating rate 0.1°C/min-50°C/min

    Gas input

    		 8 inlets standard (14 optional with gas-blending MFC)
    Standard operating pressure Ambient pressure (high pressure available with the AMI-300HP)
    Gas flow rate 2-100 ml/min (up to 3 MFCs with options)
    Sample tube type Ouartz U-shaped tube, bubble tube
    TCD Standard Tungsten Rhenium filaments (can change with options), temperature up to 200°c.
    Pipe material 316 stainless steel
    Additional detectors MS, IR Detector, GC, etc. (optional)
    Dimensions 17" (43 cm) x 25" (62 cm) x 25" (64 cm)

 

AMI-300

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INTRODUCTION

  • The AMl-300 is the flagship model in AMI's line of fully automated chemisorption analyzers, designed specifically by-and-for-catalyst researchers. Expanding on the groundbreaking AMI-1—the industry's first instrument to deliver fully automated dynamic chemisorption techniques in a single, integrated system—the AMI-300 enhances and advances this innovation, offering even greater capabilities and performance. Engineered with our proven chemisorption platform, the AMl-300 performs all major dynamic techniques required for comprehensive catalyst characterization, with precision, reliability, and ease of use.
  • The AMI-300 Series is also highly customizable to meet the specific needs of advanced research and industrial applications. From variable pressure ranges and multiple analysis stations to specialized software functions, Advanced Measurement Instruments (AMI) can tailor each system to meet the most stringent experimental requirements.
  • Whether you're conducting routine catalyst testing or advanced R&D, the AMI-300 delivers the flexibility, control, and automation your lab demands with the following functions:
  • Pulse Chemisorption
  • Quantify active metal dispersion and surface area with precise gas pulsing control.
  • Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR)
  • Evaluate reducibility and metal-support interactions.
  • Temperature-Programmed Oxidation (TPO)
  • Characterize oxidation behavior of reduced catalysts and carbon deposits.
  • Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD)
  • Analyze desorption strength and binding energies of surface species.
  • Temperature-Programmed Surface Reaction (TPSR)
  • Study surface reactivity under reactive gas environments.
  • Flow BET Surface Area Analysis
  • Determine surface area using dynamic nitrogen physisorption.
  • Pretreatment and Activation Routines
  • Calibrations and Standards Handling
  • Link up to 99 individual procedures into a single automated experiment

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  • Structural diagram of AMI-300 Series

KEY FEATURES

  • Electronic Flow Controllers
  • The system is equipped with high-quality linear mass flow controllers for precise and stable gas flow control, ensuring accuracy in chemisorption applications. The standard flow range is 0–100 sccm, with additional ranges available upon request for customized setups. These controllers offer excellent linearity and repeatability, providing reliable and consistent gas dosing throughout all programmed procedures.
  • High-Temperature Furnace
  • Features a versatile furnace system capable of reaching temperatures up to 1200°C. With optional sub-ambient cooling, the system can achieve temperatures as low as -130°C, making it suitable for a wide range of thermal and catalytic applications. The furnace supports linear temperature ramping from 0.1°C per minute to 50°C per minute, allowing precise control over heating profiles for reduction, oxidation, desorption, or reaction studies.
  • Sensitive Thermal Conductivity Detector
  • A highly reliable 4-filament thermal conductivity detector (TCD) is used to accurately quantify gas uptake. It offers excellent linearity, accuracy, sensitivity, and long-term stability. Multiple filament configurations are available to suit different analytical needs and gas types.
  • Various Sample Holders
  • The AMI-300 is the only system on the market that enables direct analysis of monolith samples (with an optional monolith holder), in addition to supporting a variety of quartz U-tubes—including standard, bubble, and custom designs. It accommodates a wide range of sample forms and loadings, such as powders, pellets, extrudates, and honeycomb cores, making it exceptionally versatile for real-world catalyst testing and development.
  • Precision Gas Control with Independent MFCs and Blending
  • The AMI-300 features three mass flow controllers (MFCs) for independent control of carrier, treatment, and auxiliary gases, with an optional fourth MFC for advanced setups. It supports internal gas blending for precise atmosphere control, and an auxiliary gas inlet can mix with carrier or treatment gases as needed. Rear-panel gas ports simplify access, with four each for treatment and carrier gases, two auxiliary/blending ports, and up to 12 total ports, ensuring versatility for chemisorption applications.
  • Interchangeable Valve Loops
  • A set of 13 optional injection loop modes provides an easy and flexible way to meet the adsorption volume requirements of different sample types. Available upgrades include microliter loops in 5, 10, 15, 20, 23, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μL sizes, as well as milliliter loops in 1, 2, 5, and 10 mL volumes. These options ensure precise dosing for both low and high surface area materials across a wide range of applications.
  • Low Internal Volume and Heated Lines
  • Low volume valves and 1/16" lines are used to reduce void volume and minimize peak spreading. All lines, valves, and parts of the liquid Vaporizer are heated to prevent condensation.
  • Materials for Maximum Durability
  • Seals and materials are designed to meet your specifications, with options that include premium elastomers (Kalrez), passivated 316 stainless steel, Monel or Hastelloy valves, and Inconel reactors.
  • Rapid Air cooling
  • The system rapidly cools the furnace, enabling quick sample turnaround and increased throughput for busy laboratories.
  • Precise Sample Temperature Measurement
  • Sample temperature can be measured or controlled by either the furnace thermocouple or a movable thermocouple positioned at the top of the sample bed, offering flexibility and precision for various experimental needs.
  • Cold Trap
  • A cold trap downstream of the sample holder protects the TCD from moisture and condensable vapors. It features a Dewar flask for slurry-based condensation or a desiccant option for low-volatility experiments, ensuring a stable baseline, extended detector life, and reliable TPR, TPO, and dynamic measurements.

SOFTWARE

  • The AMI-300 features an intuitive and clearly structured interface, with a well-organized graphical display and logical operational flow. This design dramatically reduces the learning curve, making the system easy to navigate for both new and experienced users.
  • Operation is simplified and streamlined, minimizing the risk of user error while ensuring smooth, consistent experimentation. The software provides comprehensive process monitoring, with real time status indicators and fully traceable data logging for enhanced reliability and experimental control.
  • In addition to control and monitoring, the AMI-300 offers advanced data processing capabilities, including peak fitting, peak separation, integration, differentiation, and overlay analysis. These powerful tools enable precise characterization of catalyst surface properties, distribution of acidic and basic sites, activation energy, reaction kinetics, and more—delivering deep insight into complex catalytic behaviors.
  • Software analysis interface

APPLICATIONS

  • Understanding the number of active sites, surface structure, and related properties-such as acidity/basicity, activity, selectivity, stability, and deactivation behavior-is essential for optimizing industrial reaction processes. In catalytic, chemical, and petrochemical industries, including fine chemicals, fuels, fertilizers, green catalysts, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and emerging energy storage materials, surface activity is a key driver of performance and innovation.
  • Heterogeneous catalysts play a central role in critical industrial applications such as catalytic cracking, hydrogenation, selective oxidation, reduction, automobile exhaust treatment, isomerization, oxygen storage capacity (OSC), Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and coal chemistry, among others.
  • At AMI, we advance catalytic material surface characterization with powerful, user-focused tools. With instruments like the AMI-300, we equip scientists and catalyst developers with precise, automated solutions to solve real-world challenges.
  • Analysis interface, a) automatic peak separation and fitting, b) multiple data for comparison, c) TPR experimental results of CuO, d) TPD experimental results of Ni Si.

SPECIFICATIONS

AMI-300
Catalyst charge 0.1-5 g
Temperature range RT - 1200°C
-130°C (optional) to 1200°C
Ramp rate 0.1-50°C/min
Operating pressure Atmospheric pressure or up to 100 bar (optional)
Gas input 10 inlets standard (12 optional )
Gas flow rates 2-100 sccm
Reactor types Quartz u-tubes
1/4", 3/8", 1/2"optional
Detector Standard Tungsten Rhenium filaments (can change with options), temperature up to 200°C
Materials of construction Kalrez, 316SS
Dimensions W: 22.1 in (56 cm) × H: 23.6 in (60 cm) × D: 24.0 in (61 cm)
Weight 106 lbs (48 kg)
Mass flow controllers 3 (4 optional)
High-temperature oven Up to 150°C
Vapor generator Optional
FTIR Optional
Mass Spectrometer Optional
FID Optional
Harsh-Service Allows for high-percentage sulfur compounds (S & S Plus models)
SSITKA Optional

SAFETY

  • Safety: A Three-Layered Approach
  • The AMI-300 is built with a comprehensive, three-layered safety system that protects both usersand equipment at every level of operation.
  • 1.Hardware Safety
  • Independent Over-Temperature Protectors on the furnace prevent thermal runaway.Resealable Pressure Relief Valves automatically vent excess pressure and reseal without damage.
  • Check Valves prevent backflow and protect against gas cross-contamination. Fail-Safe Design ensures the system defaults to a safe state during critical failures or power loss.
  • 2.Firmware-Level Protections
  • Embedded logic continuously monitors temperature, flow, and pressure in real time.Interlocks and thresholds ensure safe operation limits are never exceeded.
  • 3.Software Alarm Matrix
  • A dynamic alarm matrix provides live feedback and alert notifications for all monitored parameters.
  • Visual and audible alarms guide users through corrective actions.
  • Logging of alarm events ensures traceability and compliance with lab safety protocols.

AMI 300 SSITKA

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INTRODUCTION

  • The AMI-300 SSITKA is a high-performance chemisorption analyzer integrated with Steady-State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA) capabilities. Compared to conventional chemisorption analyzers, the AMI-300 SSITKA employs SSITKA technology to enable in-depth investigation of catalyst reaction mechanisms and properties. The instrument rapidly switches the isotopic composition of a reactant within the reaction system while monitoring the relaxation dynamics of labeled products in real time. This methodology facilitates precise analysis of reaction mechanisms, measurement of kinetic parameters, catalyst characterization, and differentiation of parallel reaction pathways.
  • AMI-300 SSITKA Functions:
  • • Steady-State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA)
    • Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD)
    • Temperature-Programmed Reduction/Oxidation (TPR/O)
    • Temperature-Programmed Surface Reaction (TPSR)
    • Pulse Chemisorption
    • Dynamic BET
    • Vapor Dosing (option)
  • The AMI-300 SSITKA distinguishes itself through its SSITKA experimental capability, which initiates isotopic switching only after the reaction system reaches steady-state conditions. For elements with negligible isotope effects (predominantly non- hydrogen systems), the instrument enables isotope tracing while maintaining continuous steady-state operation, achieving non-invasive in situ analysis. This methodology provides real-time tracking of surface active sites, quantifies intermediate species lifetimes, and resolves dynamic evolution of reaction pathways without perturbing catalytic processes.

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  • Chemisorption Analyzer + Mass Spectrometer

KEY FEATURES

  • Precision flow control system
  • High-precision MFCs with flow rates from 2-100 sccm.
  • High-Stability Programmed Temperature Reaction System
  • Engineered with precision temperature control up to 1200°C, this system achieves linear heating rates from 0.1 to 50°C/min with ±0.1°C regulation accuracy.
  • Rapid Cooling
  • Featuring automated control, the system enables rapid furnace cooling via air purging to reduce experimental duration.
  • Minimal Dead Volume
  • As an instrument capable of performing SSITKA experiments, the AMI-300 SSITKA utilizes 1/16 tubing with an optimized compact design, effectively minimizing dead volume.
  • Pressure Equalization and valve switching
  • SSITKA experiments require precise pressure equalization between two streams and rapid valve switching to minimize pressure spike variations in the mass spectrometer signal, ensuring accurate measurements.
  • Safety
  • The instrument features a proprietary over-temperature cutoff system for heating furnaces, pressure relief valves on the reactor and sparger, and firmware alarms at hardware limits. User-configurable alarms enhance lab safety by allowing customized alerts based on specific protocols.
  • Valve oven temperature control
  • The instrument's internal pipelines are heated by an oven, reaching a maximum temperature of 150°C. This ensures uniform heating, preventing "cold spots" in the stainless steel pipelines, valves, and TCD detector, thereby maintaining stable operation and accurate measurements.
  • High-Precision TCD Detector
  • The instrument comes standard with a high-precision rhenium-tungsten filament TCD (Thermal Conductivity Detector), featuring a constant temperature system capable of maintaining temperatures up to 200°C.
  • Cold Trap
  • The sample tube downstream is equipped with a dedicated cold trap filled with desiccant, designed to remove condensables prior to the gas stream entering the TCD.
  • Vapor Generator
  • The system is compatible with a vapor generator to vaporize liquid adsorbate for subsequent analysis, with a maximum operating temperature of 100°C.

SOFTWARE

  • The AMI-300 SSITKA software delivers comprehensive control and analytical capabilities, supporting flexible configuration of TPD, TPO, TPR, TPRS, pulse calibration, and other experiments through programmable sequences (up to 99 steps). This automated system performs advanced spectral processing including peak deconvolution, integration, differentiation, and superposition analysis to extract critical catalyst characteristics such as surface acid/base site distribution, activation energy values, and reaction kinetic parameters.
  • Adsorption Capacity Calculation
  • Peak Fitting
  • During SSITKA experiments, the system executes isotopic switching through specialized gas circuitry integrated with mass spectrometry detection. As illustrated in the schematic interface diagram, the gas flow control system employs a four-way valve (indicated by the red arrow) to perform transient switching between two feed streams. This valving mechanism enables the instantaneous transition of the reactant from 12CO to 13CO while maintaining experimental continuity.
  • AMI-300 SSITKA Software Interface
  • SSITKA experiments can be configured through the program interface shown below, featuring fully automated operation that eliminates the need for manual intervention. This streamlined process ensures operational reliability while minimizing human-induced errors, thereby ensuring precise test results.
  • SSITKA Procedure Setup

SPECIFICATIONS

  • Chemisorption Analyzer
    AMI-300 SSITKA
  • Mass Spectrometer
    Master 400
  • Mass Flow Controller Quantity 4
    Gas Inlet Quantity 12
    Temperature Range Standard: Room Temp. – 1200ºC
    Optional: -130ºC-1200ºC
    Heating Rate 0.1ºC – 50ºC/min
    Maximum Flow Rate 100 sccm
    Vapor Function Maximum Temperature 100ºC (Optional)
    Infrared Spectrometer FTIR Analysis (Optional)
  • Mass Range Optional: 1-100/200/300 amu
    Detection Limit ≤500 ppb
    Scanning Rate S1 ms-16 s/amu
    Sampling Pressure 0.5 bar - 1.5bar
    Maximum Heating Temp. of Sample Tube 200ºC
    Filament Material Iridium Filament
    Detector Faraday cup/ SEM electron Multiplier

EXAMPLES

  • Barium Chloride
  • This is an example of a reference material that shows temperature and enthalpy accuracy. In addition, this represents a good example of a fused peak analysis.
  • Calcium Oxalate
  • Calcium Oxalate is an excellent demonstration material for both DSC and TGA. This sample was run in the presence of Oxygen. The first DSC peak has an associated weight loss and represents bound water.

APPLICATIONS

  • Ammonia Synthesis:
  • Monitoring 15N2 dissociation dynamics on iron- based catalysts to identify rate- determining steps.
  • Fischer-TropschSynthesis:
  • Analyzing CO dissociation pathways on Co/Fe catalysts to optimize product selectivity.
  • Automotive Emission Control:
  • Investigating transient surface intermediates (e.g., adsorbed NO, NH3) during NO reduction reactions to enhance low- temperature activity in Pt-Rh catalysts.
  • CO2 Reduction:
  • Differentiating rate- determining steps between photo generated electron transfer kinetics and surface reaction processes.
  • CO2 Hydrogenation
  • (Methanol/Hydrocarbon Synthesis): Tracking dynamic evolution of surface intermediates (e.g., formate/carbonate species) to map CO2 activation pathways, enabling selective optimization of Cu-ZnO-based catalysts.
  • Methane Reforming:
  • Characterizing carbon species accumulation/elimination mechanisms on Ni/Co-based catalysts to mitigate carbon deposition-induced deactivation.
  • Sulfur Poisoning Mechanisms:
  • Investigate the poisoning effects of H2S on catalysts (e.g., Ni-based systems), elucidating the dynamic processes of sulfur species coverage on active sites.
  • Surface Active Site Characterization:
  • Differentiate the contributions of distinct surface active sites (e.g., step-edge sites, defect sites) to catalytic reactivity.

 

AMI-300IR

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INTRODUCTION

  • Chemisorption and thermal desorption methods, such as Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), are widely utilized for catalyst characterization. These techniques analyze the gases released from a catalyst surface, typically detected using a Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) or, in some cases, a mass spectrometer. While they provide valuable insights into the number and strength of active sites, they do not reveal details about the nature of these sites, the type of adsorption, or the presence of multiple adsorption site types.
  • To address this limitation, the AMI-300 IR integrates standard AMI techniques with real-time catalyst surface analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This innovative approach enables direct observation of adsorbed species, offering a deeper understanding of the adsorption and desorption processes.

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  • AMI-300 IR shown with integrated Thermo Nicolet iS5 FTIR spectrometer
  • Sample preparation involves compressing approximately 100 mg of catalyst powder into a thin, self-supported wafer, which is then secured in a proprietary catalyst holder within the IR cell. This configuration allows the IR beam to pass directly through the catalyst wafer, enabling in situ spectroscopic analysis. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a schematic of the IR cell and a photograph of the actual unit, respectively.
  • Once the sample is positioned, it can undergo all standard AMI-300 experimental procedures while simultaneously monitoring surface species and adsorbates using the FTIR spectrometer. Concurrently, effluent gases can be analyzed via the system’s built-in thermal conductivity detector (TCD) or an optional mass spectrometer (MS).
  • This integrated analytical approach enables real-time characterization of catalytic processes, providing critical insights into adsorption and desorption phenomena at the molecular level.
  • Figure 2 Diagram of IR transmission cell
  • Figure 3 IR transmission cell. Heaters and Insulation have been removed for clarity
  • An example of the kind of information that can be obtained with this technique is the mode of adsorption and desorption of CO on a platinum surface.
  • Once the sample is positioned, it can undergo all standard AMI-300 experimental procedures while simultaneously monitoring surface species and adsorbates using the FTIR spectrometer. Concurrently, effluent gases can be analyzed via the system’s built-in thermal conductivity detector (TCD) or an optional mass spectrometer (MS).
  • This integrated analytical approach enables real-time characterization of catalytic processes, providing critical insights into adsorption and desorption phenomena at the molecular level.
  • A 1% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was pressed into a wafer and mounted on an IR cell. The sample was reduced for several hours at 200°C, cooled to room temperature, and then flushed with inert gas for an hour in order to remove the gas-phase and any loosely held CO. The resulting IR spectrum (background subtracted) showed a single sharp line at approx- imately 2060 cm
  • IR spectrum of CO adsorbed on a 1% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst
  • This sample was then heated and the CO band followed as a function of temperature (figure 5). According to Beer’s Law, absorbance is proportional to concentration so from these measurements it is possible to construct an isobar and from it obtain a derived TPD. These are shown in figures 6 and 7, respectively.
  • CO signal as a function of temperature
  • Isobar of CO adsorbed on 1% Pt/Al2O3
  • Derived CO TPD

DETECTION

  • IR detection can also be used during pulse chemisorption procedures to ascertain the mode(s) of adsorption at different coverages. Figure 8 illustrates the adsorption of CO on platinum as the coverage increases. Even at low coverages, all the CO is adsorbed in a single mode, linearly, and there is no evidence for “bridged” CO. These insights are uniquely obtainable through IR spectroscopy, as it directly analyzes the catalyst surface rather than solely monitoring evolved gases.
  • Pulse chemisorption of CO on Pt by FTIR.

DIFFERENTIATION

  • Ammonia can be used as a probe molecule to determine the magnitude and type of acid sites in a catalyst. Below, in figure 9, is an example of ammonia adsorbed on a silica-alumina material. Three broad bands were identified as belonging to the adsorbed ammonia, at approximately 1760, 1480, and 1380 cm-1. The band at 1480 cm-1 can be ascribed to ammonia adsorbed on Brønsted acid sites, the others to ammonia adsorbed on Lewis sites (see for example, M. Niwa et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 110 (2006) p. 264). By carrying out temperature programmed experiments and following the absorbance of the three bands as a function of temperature, it is possible to measure the isobars for each type of adsorption and assess the strength of each adsorption process. These isobars are shown in figure 10.
  • Ammonia bands on silica-alumina shown at three different temperatures
  • Isobars for each of the three main ammonia bands on silica-alumina.
  • It can be seen from the data above that the adsorption reflected in the 1380 cm-1 band is more strongly held than the other two, perhaps indicating a stronger Lewis-type bond.

SUMMARY

  • The AMI-300 IR expands upon AMI’s line of catalyst characterization instruments, which have been continuously developed and manufactured since 1984. By integrating real-time Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with AMI’s standard detection methods, this system enables researchers to not only quantify the number and strength of active sites but also gain direct insights into the nature of adsorption processes.

 

AMI-300HP

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INTRODUCTION

  • The AMI-300HP is an automated high-pressure chemisorption and catalyst characterization system, engineered for advanced research under industrially relevant conditions. It performs dynamic temperature-programmed experiments at pressures up to 100 bar, enabling detailed studies of catalyst behavior under true process environments.
  • Designed for maximum flexibility, the AMI-300HP can also function as a high-pressure gas-phase reactor, providing a dual-purpose solution for laboratories requiring both chemisorption analysis and reaction testing in a single, integrated platform. This capability enhances its utility for catalyst performance evaluation, process development, and kinetic modeling.
  • Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD)
    Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR)
    Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO)
    Temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR)
    Pulse Chemisorption
    Ambient Vapor Dosing (Option)

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  • AMI-300HP Chemisorption Analyzer

KEY FEATURES

  • High-Pressure Operation
  • Clamshell furnace capable of reaching 1200°C (max. temperature dependent on reactor type), with precise ramp rates from 0.1°C to 50°C per minute.
  • Stable Gas Flow Control
  • High-precision mass flow controllers (MFCs) ensure stable flow control and consistent TCD baselines, even during temperature-programmed experiments.
  • Condensation Prevention
  • Heat-traced stainless steel flow path eliminates condensation risks, preserving gas- phase integrity.
  • High-Sensitivity Detection
  • A highly linear Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) provides exceptional accuracy and sensitivity across a broad range of conditions.
  • Software Alarm Matrix
  • A dynamic alarm matrix provides live feedback and alert notifications for all monitored parameters. Logging alarm events ensure traceability and compliance with lab safety protocols.
  • Advanced Safety and Protection
  • · Independent Over-Temperature Protectors on the furnace prevent thermal runaway.
    • Resealable Pressure Relief Valves automatically vent excess pressure and reseal without damage.
    • Check Valves prevent backflow and protect against gas cross-contamination.
    • Fail-Safe Design ensures the system defaults to a safe state during critical failures or power loss.
    • Positive Shut-off valves to ensure complete isolation of gas lines when not in use, enhancing safety and preventing cross-contamination.
  • Flexible Customization Options:
  • • Custom reactors in a variety of types and sizes,
    • High-pressure MFCs with customizable flow ranges to suit specific gas delivery requirements.
    • Vaporized liquid delivery systems for injecting volatile or condensable reactants.
    • Sub-ambient operation down to -130°

SOFTWARE

  • The AMI-300HP is fully automated to ensure ease of use, repeatability, and reliable operation. Its integrated software precisely controls and regulates valve positions, temperatures, gas flow rates, and detector parameters, providing seamless management of complex experimental setups.
  • Data acquisition is performed at a user-selectable rate, allowing for optimized resolution and performance. A front-panel status screen offers a real-time overview of the system, displaying valve positions, connected gas types, active temperatures, and detector signals—all at a glance.
  • The built-in data handling package enables users to:
  • Display and integrate signal peaks
    Calculate chemisorptive parameters
    Overlay and compare datasets
  • Users can link up to 99 individual procedures in a single, continuous run, enabling fully automated, comprehensive catalyst characterization. Additionally, routine experiments can be designed and stored for quick and easy retrieval.
  • Operating Screen - A complete Overview of All Experimental Parameters

SPECIFICATIONS

  • Catalyst charge*1: 0.1 - 5 g
    Temperature range*2 : -130°C (option) to 1200°C
    Ramp rate: 0.1 - 50°C/min
    Operating pressure*3 : 100 bar
    Gas inlets: 4 (10 or 14 optional)
    MFCs*4 : 2 high-pressure MFCs, 1 standardMFC (Extra MFC optional)
    Reactor types*5 : Atmospheric pressure: Quartz, High pressure: 316 stainless steel
    Detector: 4 filament TCD (Standard W-Refilaments, other materials optional)
    Materials of construction: Stainless steel
  • Notes:
  • *1 - Custom reactors available for increased loading.
    *2 - Standard temperaturerange is RT - 650°C, -130°C - 1200°C requires options.
    *3 - Higher pressure available in custom instruments.
    *4 - The number of MFCs can change to increase capabilityor lessen cost.
    *5 - Other reactor materials are available.

 

AMI-Sync Series

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INTRODUCTION

  • The AMI-Sync Series is a fully automated, high-performance line of gas physisorption analyzers designed for rapid and accurate surface area and pore size characterization of porous and non-porous materials. Whether analyzing catalysts, zeolites, MOFs, or advanced battery materials, the AMI-Sync Series delivers robust vacuum-volumetric measurement systems backed by intuitive software and comprehensive support for both standard and advanced adsorption techniques.
  • Available in flexible 1-, 2-, or 4-station configurations, the AMI-Sync Series features a common P₀ measuring transducer and supports simultaneous saturation vapor pressure measurements. Each unit is built for high-throughput performance, with options for a dedicated pressure transducer per station to maximize speed, or a shared sensor setup for cost efficiency. A single large-volume dewar supports multiple stations simultaneously, offering an ideal solution for space-conscious laboratories with demanding workloads.

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  • AMI-Sync 400 Series Instrument

KEY FEATURES

  • Customizable Configuration for Throughput Analysis Needs
  • The AMI-Sync series offers a scalable solution with up to four high-resolution measurement stations for precise pore size and surface area analysis. For increased throughput, additional instruments can be linked via LAN, expanding to 12 analysis ports with centralized and remote-control capabilities.
  • Extended Analysis Duration
  • AMI-Sync analyzers are equipped with large 3-liter Dewar flasks that allow over 90 hours of continuous analysis. The system supports live refilling during experiments, ensuring uninterrupted data collection during long runs and complex isotherm acquisitions.
  • High Sensitivity & Reproducibility
  • The AMI-Sync Series delivers precise and reliable surface area and porosity data, with a BET detection limit as low as 0.1 m² absolute and 0.01 m²/g specific. It offers outstanding reproducibility—within 1% on standard reference materials like BAM P115—ensuring confidence in repeated analyses.
  • Precision-Engineered Hardware
  • Built with stainless steel and vacuum-brazed manifolds, the system features ultra-durable bellows valves rated for over 5 million cycles. Temperature control maintains ±0.05 °C stability, while 32-bit pressure sensors provide high-resolution, accurate data capture.
  • Cryo TuneTM (Optional Feature)
  • Unlock advanced temperature control with Cryo TuneTM, an optional low-temperature cold bath system designed for precision adsorption studies. Fully integrated with Sync software, Cryo TuneTM allows users to effortlessly conduct adsorption isotherm measurements across a range of temperatures.
  • Optimized Manifold Contamination Control
  • A two-step filtration system protects the manifold from particulates reducing contamination risks and extending instrument life. Combined with stainless steel construction and high-cycle bellows valves, the system ensures clean, reliable operation even in high-throughput environments.
  • Compact & Lab-Ready
  • All models share a compact footprint of 51 ×53 × 93 cm, making them ideal for space-conscious labs. Despite their compact size, Sync analyzers are fully equipped for both research-grade and industrial applications, offering power, durability, and precision in one system.

SOFTWARE

  • Sync Series analyzers are driven by a multilingual, user-friendly software suite that supports:
  • • Control of up to 8 instruments from a single PC
    • Built-in method libraries     for fast setup and repeatability
    • Customizable analysis profiles with real-time system feedback
    • Automated leak detection and guided maintenance routines
    • CFR 21 Part 11-ready     sample tracking, including ID and method history
    • Visual instrument status interface for monitoring analysis in progress
  • Additional capabilities include void volume correction, supercritical P0 handling, temperature control with CryoTune, and compatibility with up to 6 gases per station.
  • Isotherm
  • 3-stage evacuation to prevent sample fluidization
  • Main software screen
  • Interactive software screen
  • Data Analysis Capabilities:
  • Isothermal absorption and desorption curve
    BET specific surface area (single and multiple point)
    Langmuir surface area
    Statistical thickness surface area. (STSA)
  • HK pore size analysis
    SF pore size analysis
    NLDFT pore size distribution
    Total pore volume
    t-plot analysis

SPECIFICATIONS

Model AMI-Sync
Specific Model 110 210 220 420 440
Analysis Ports 1 2 2 4 4
p0 Transducer 1 1 1 1 1
Analysis Pressure Transducer 1 1 2 2 4
Surface Area ≥ 0.0005 m2/g
Pore Size 0.35-500 nm
Pore Volume ≥ 0.0001 cm3 /g
Pump Mechanical pump(minimal 5.0×10-4 mmHg)
p/p0 10-5-0.998
Accuracy PTs 1000 mmHg(+/-0.2%F.S.)
Adsorbates N2,CO2,Ar,Kr,H2,O2,CO,NH3,CH4
Dimensions 51 × 53 ×93 cm (16.1 x 20.8 x 36.6 inches) All same dimensional size
Weight 45 kg | 99 pounds (maximum depending on configuration)

BTsorb 100 Series

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INTRODUCTION

  • The BTsorb 100 series is a new line of cost-effective material characterization instruments designed for breakthrough curve testing, competitive adsorption, and mass transfer kinetics analysis. It is a comprehensive, versatile, and precise dynamic sorption analyzer.
  • • Accurate: Trusted results you can rely on.
    • Accessible: Cost-effective without compromise.
    • Advanced: Engineered for high-performance.

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  • BTsorb 100 Series Breakthrough Curve and Mass Transfer Analyzer
  • BTsorb 100 series

FEATURE

CAPABILITIES

  • The BTsorb 100 offers 5 modes for breakthrough curve and competitive adsorption analysis, enabling dynamic evaluation of gas or gas/vapor mixture separation. It also includes 2 dedicated modes for diffusion studies using chromatography and the zero-length column method.
  • 5 Modes for Breakthrough Curve & Competitive Adsorption:
  • 2 Modes for Diffusion Coefficients:

SOFTWARE

  • BTManager is a user-friendly software platform that enables precise control of all experimental processes, while automatically recording data and calculating test results. It offers a range of features designed to simplify and support user operation.
  • √ In addition to standard procedures, the software allows full customization of experimental steps to meet specific testing requirements.
    √ All experimental steps and data are automatically recorded, making it easy for users to review and analyze results.
    √ As part of a fully automated system, BTManager enables conditional controls based on time, temperature, pressure, and detector signals—ensuring precise execution, repeatability, and accuracy.
    √ Includes advanced features such as blank adsorption correction, true flow calibration, abnormal data detection, and TCD signal calibration—minimizing environmental and system influences for highly reliable results.
  • Control interface
  • Data analysis interface
  • Experimental parameter setting interface
  • System configuration interface

APPLICATION

  • The BTsorb 100 series is primarily used to evaluate the adsorption and separation properties of porous materials. Common samples include MOFs, zeolites, silica gels, activated carbons, and other functional adsorbents. These materials are widely applied in processes such as gas separation purification, and CO2 capture, The BTsorb 100 meets the broad range of dynamic sorption analysis needs for these applications.

SPECIFICATIONS

  • BTSorb 100 Series Breakthrough Curve and Mass Transfer Analyzer Breakthrough Curve Analyzer
    Model 100S Pro 100SLP Pro 100SMP Pro 100S 100SLP 100SMP 100SHP
    Breakthrough Curve √ √ √ √ √ √ √
    Competitive Adsorption √ √ √ √ √ √ √
    Adsorption Isotherm √ √ √ √ √ √ √
    Cyclic Stability V V V V V V V
    Temperature Swing Adsorption √ √ √ √ √ √ √
    Pressure Swing Adsorption / √ √ / √ √ √
    Diffusion Coefficient √ √ √ / / / /
    Pressure Range Atmospheric Atm -10 bar Atm -40 bar Atmospheric Atm -10 bar Atm -40 bar Atm -100 bar
    MFCs 4 MFCs (1 carrier + 3 adsorbate)
    Gas Inlets Standard 4 ports(expandable with MGC-option)
    Vapor Dosing Up to 2 vapor generators(temperature control -10°C to 90°C)
    Temperature Control Standard:
    Heating module: Ambient - 400 °C; Circulating water bath: -10 - 90°C; Option: Heating furnace: Ambient -1000°C; (Continuous temperature control from -10°C to 400°C can be achieved through the combined use of heating module and circulating water bath)    		 Standard:
    Heating module: Ambient - 400 °C; Option: Circulating water bath: -10 - 90°C; Heating furnace: Ambient - 1000°C; (Continuous temperature control from -10°C to 400°C can be achieved through the combined use of heating module and circulating water bath)
    Detector Standard: High precision Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)
    Option: Mass spectrometer (100amu - 200/300 amu optional)
    Column Standard: 1 ml and 4 ml 316SS
    Option:1ml and 4ml quartz; column for ZLC
    Corrosion Resistance Standard: Corrosion-resistant TCD
    Option: Sulfur-resistant corrosion protection gas path upgrade,
    passivation treatment of fittings and tubing is mainly used for sulfur - containing gases (such as H₂S) and scenarios with high - concentration of corrosive gases.
    Air Compressor Used to drive pneumatic valves (option)
    Appearance Parameters L 31.9 in (810 mm) × W 31.1 in (790 mm) × H 34.6 in (880 mm), 330 lbs (150 kg)

Switch-6

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  • The automatic multi-channel gas inlet controller, Switch-6, features an integrated design, enabling one- button switching among multiple gases and supporting up to six input ports. Users can select any gas path for output as needed, making it ideal for applications requiring frequent gas changes during various testing procedures.
  • This device is highly compatible, designed to work seamlessly with the full range of AMI instruments and a wide variety of systems from other manufacturers.
  • Safety
  • Features a streamlined valve disassembly and assembly when switching between different gases, significantly reducing the risk of leakage from manual operations. Additionally, a corrosion-resistant version is available upon request to accommodate more demanding environments.
  • Simplicity
  • Enables automatic gas switching with a single button press. It also performs automatic pipeline purging, preventing residual gases from affecting the accuracy of subsequent experimental results.
  • Flexibility
  • Supports six input ports and one output port, with the option to cascade multiple units—allowing for 6, 12, 18, or more gas paths as needed.

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  • Automatic Multi-channel Gas Inlet Controller
  •   Switch-6
    Number of ports 6 (12, 18 are optional)
    Tubing size 1/8 inch
    Pressure Near atmospheric
    Gas types N2, H2, Ar, and other gases (corrosive gases such as H2S, NH3, HCl, etc., are available as options)
    Dimensions and weight L 28.7 in (730 mm) ×
    W 9.5 in (240 mm) ×
    H 10.0 in (253 mm),
    11 lbs (5 kg)

 

Meso 112/222

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INTRODUCTION

  • The AMI-Meso112/222 Series is engineered for high-precision surface area and pore size characterization of powdered materials. This series comprises two models, Meso 112 and Meso 222, both integrated with 1000 torr pressure transducers at each analysis station for accurate BET surface area determination and mesopore size distribution analysis.
  • Each analysis port is equipped with an in-situ degassing module capable of heating samples up to 400°C, ensuring efficient removal of adsorbed contaminants prior to analysis. This in-situ degassing eliminates the risk of contamination associated with sample transfer. Additionally, when multiple stations are utilized, each operates independently, allowing for simultaneous yet discrete analyses of different samples.

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    • Structural distribution diagram of Meso 222

KEY FEATURES

  • Module Design for Minimal Dead Volume
  • The internal gas path design of the instrument adopts a unique integrated metal module design, which not only reduces the internal dead volume spacebut also helps mitigate possible leaks.
  • Saturated Vapor Pressure P0
  • An independent P₀ pressure transducer is configured at 133 kPa for P₀ value testing,enabling real-time P/P₀ measurement for more accurate and reliable test data. Alternatively, an atmospheric pressure input method can be used to determine P₀.
  • Datasheet
  • Independent analysis ports
  • With independent analysis ports, the system employs a unique vacuum control logic that allows each station to operate without disruption, even when using a single mechanical pump or pump group.This enables simultaneous, independent experiments, meeting diverse adsorbent testing needs while ensuring high efficiency.
  • Liquid Nitrogen Dewar
  • The use of 1 L Dewar flasks in conjunction with a sealed cover ensures a stable thermal profile along the entire length of both the sample tubes and P₀ tubes throughout the testing process.
  • Sample Preparation
  • Equipped with two in-situ degassing ports, enabling simultaneous degassing and analysis. Each port offers independent temperature control from ambient to 400°C, ensuring precise sample preparation.
  • High Accuracy Pressure Transducers
  • Equipped with 1000 torr pressure transducers, the Meso Series enables precise physical adsorption analysis, achieving a partial pressure (P/P₀) as low as 10 -² for nitrogen (N₂) at 77 K.
  • Datasheet
  • Optimized Manifold Contamination Control
  • This system features a multi-channel, adjustable, and parallel vacuum design with segmented vacuum control. This setup effectively prevents samples from being drawn up into the analyzer therefore preventing manifold contamination.
  • Thermal Stabilization
  • A core rod in the sample tube reduces deadvolume and stabilizes the cold free space coefficient, while an iso-thermal jacket maintains a constant thermal profile along the tube. Additionally, automatic helium correction ensures precise calibration for any powder or particulate material, minimizing temperature- related deviations during analysis.

SOFTWARE

  • PAS Software is an intelligent solution for operation control, data acquisition, calculation, analysis, and report generation on the Windows platform. It communicates with the host via the LAN port and can remotely control multiple instruments simultaneously.
  • PAS Software adopts a unique intake control method, optimizing pressure in the adsorption and desorption processes through a six-stage setting, which improves testing efficiency.
  • Datasheet
  • Changes in pressure and temperature inside the manifold can be directly observed in the test interface, providing convenience for sample testing and instrument maintenance. The current state of analyzer can be intuitively understood with the indicator light and event bar.
  • Each adsorption equilibrium process is dynamically displayed on the test interface. Adsorption characteristics of the sample can be easily understood.
  • A clear and concise report setting interface, including the following:
  • Adsorption and desorption isotherms
  • Single-/Multipoint BET surface area
  • Langmuir surface area
  • STSA-surface area
  • Pore size distribution according to BJH
  • T-plot
  • Dubinin-Radushkevich
  • Horvath-Kawazoe
  • Saito-Foley

TYPICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS

  • The specific surface area test results of iron ore powder are presented in the figure below. As a material with very small specific surface area, the repeatability error is only 0.0015 m2/g in the test results.
  • Datasheet
  • Datasheet
  • Analysis value of pore size distribution in activated carbon materials as follows:
  • Datasheet
  • Datasheet

SPECIFICATIONS

Model AMI-Meso 112 AMI-Meso 222
Analysis Ports 2 2
P0 Transducer 2 2
AnalysisPressure
Transducer		 1 2
Accuracy PTs 1000 torr
Pump 1 Mechanical pump (ultimate vacuum 10-2 Pa);
P/P0 10-4- 0.998
Surface Area ≥ 0.0005 m2/g, test repeatability: RSD ≤ 1.0%
Pore Size 0.35-500 nm, test repeatability: ≤0.2 nm
Pore Volume ≥ 0.0001 cm3/g
Degassing Ports 2 in-situ
Adsorbates N2, CO2, Ar, Kr, H2, O2, CO, CH2, etc.
Cold Trap 1
Volume and Weight L 34.5 in (870 mm) × W 22.5 in (570 mm) × H 35.0 in (890 mm), 188 lbs (85 kg)
Power Requirements 110 or 200-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, maximum power 300 W

APPLICATIONS

Applied Field Typical Materials Details
Material Research Ceramic powder, metal powder, nanotube According to surface area value of nanotube, hydrogen storage capacity can be predicted.
Chemical Engineering Carbon black, amorphous silica, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide Introduction of carbon black in rubber matrix can improve mechanical properties of rubber products. Surface area of carbon black is one of the important factors affecting the reinforcement performance of rubber products.
New Energy Lithium cobalt, lithium manganate Increasing surface area of electrode can improve Electrochemical reaction rate and promote iron exchange in negative electrode.
Catalytic Technologies Active alumina oxide, molecular sieve, zeolite Active surface area and pore structure influence reaction rate.

 

BenchCATs for Biofuels

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INTRODUCTION

  • AMI has extensive experience in the design and construction of BenchCAT reactors for biofuel applications. The study of biofuel processes has become a significant area of research in recent years. Although still largely in the research stage, substantial progress is being made, making the development of a commercial process likely in the near future.
  • Biofuel is a broad term referring to any fuel not derived from fossil sources. In its simplest form, it can be ethanol produced from sugarcane or corn via fermentation. However, alcohol-based fuels lack the energy density of conventional fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel. Current efforts are focused on developing biofuels that closely resemble gasoline or diesel in their properties and performance.
  • Biofuels can be derived from various sources, including municipal waste, wood chips, soybeans, and algae. Depending on the source, a different process and thus different reactor design and conditions are used. Below we explore three processes for the production of biofuels in which AMI has participated with a BenchCAT reactor design and construction.

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  • BenchCATs for Biofuels

Via Gasification of Biomass

  • The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process is perhaps the oldest and most well-known method for producing synthetic fuels1. The original process was developed in the 1920s and 1930s and was commercialized in Germany by the late 1930s.The F-T process was to produce fuel for both automobiles and military equipment.
  • The F-T process can be utilized to generate biofuels from nearly any carbon-containing biomass, including municipal waste, wood chips, celluloid grasses, and more. The first step in such a process is the gasification of the biomass to form Syngas (H2+CO). This Syngas is then converted into hydrocarbons through the F-T process using a catalyst, typically iron or cobalt. By carefully controlling key process parameters -such as temperature, pressure, ratio of H2 to CO-the product composition can be controlled. The F-T process can yield a wide range of hydrocarbons, from light gases to heavy waxes.
  • Biomass -> Gasification -> Syngas -> F-T -> Fuel
  • Figure 1 illustrates a typical F-T BenchCAT reactor designed by AMI. The four gases include hydrogen and carbon monoxide (Syngas), nitrogen as a diluent, and argon as an internal standard for analysis. The reactor is designed to operate at temperatures up to 400°C and pressures up to 1,500 psig, although typical operating conditions are lower. The system includes three separators to facilitate product collection:
  • 1. The first separator, maintained at approximately 150°C, collects heavier products, such as waxes.
    2. The second separator, set at 80°C, captures mid-range hydrocarbons and some water.
    3. The third separator, kept at room temperature, collects lower-end hydrocarbons along with a significant amount of water.
    All separation processes occur at the reactor's operating pressure, ensuring efficient product recovery.
  • Figure1 Schematic of typical F-T BenchCAT reactor.

From Alcohols

  • As previously discussed, alcohols can be classified as biofuels, though they possess a lower energy density compared to conventional hydrocarbon fuels. Alcohols are readily synthesized through the fermentation of sugar- or starch-rich biomass. They then can be converted to more conventional fuels via catalytic condensation processes. For example, a gasoline range product can be obtained by reacting lower chain alcohols over a zeolite, such as ZSM-52 whereas higher range products can be obtained using base catalyzed aldol condensation3.
  • Starch-Containing Material -> Alcohols -> Condensation-> Fuel
  • These processes can be conducted in a more-or-less conventional fixed bed reactor. Figure 2 depicts such a reactor that could be used for alcohol condensation. A pump is used to feed the liquid alcohols and both the gas and the liquid feed pass through preheaters prior to entering the reactor. A heat exchanger and gas-liquid separator are in the high-pressure zone. Gas products flow out from the top of the separator while the liquid products are withdrawn from the bottom. Level sensing and automatic valves can be used to fully automate the process.
  • Schematic of BenchCAT reactor suitable for studies.

Via Trans-Esterification

  • Biofuels can also be produced by trans-esterification of oils or lipids with a simple alcohol such as methanol. This reaction has been reported using various sources of lipids, such as rapeseed oil, soybean oil, used vegetable oil, and algae oil. In a catalytic reaction, the catalyst is a base, typically NaOH. The reaction can also be carried out in the presence or absence of a catalyst at supercritical conditions4.
  • Bio-Oil -> Catalytic or Supercritical Reaction with Methanol -> Fuel
  • Figure 3 is a schematic of a reactor that can be used for both catalytic and supercritical esterification of oils.
  • Figure 4 (back page) shows a photograph of the reactor. This particular reactor is rated at 350°C and 350 bar (ca. 5200 psig) or 700°C at room temperature. The higher temperature rating is used to pretreat the catalyst. The tubular reactor is constructed of Inconel metal in order to achieve these dual conditions. Note that in this reactor the pressure reduction occurs before the product collection.
  • Figure3 Schematic of BenchCAT reactor for supercritical trans esterification of lipids.
  • Figure4 BenchCAT reactor for supercritical trans-esterification of lipids.
  • In summary, no matter what your specifications are for automated, research-quality reactors, AMI has the technical and scientific expertise to meet your needs. We have extensive experience in the fields of catalytic science, catalyst characterization, and reactions. These descriptions of BenchCAT reactors suitable for biofuel research are one example of this experience.

 

μBenchCAT

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INTRODUCTION

  • The μBenchCAT by Advanced Measurement Instruments (AMI) is a fully integrated, bench-top reactor system designed for comprehensive catalytic studies. Engineered for both gas-phase and liquid-phase reactions, it combines all essential components into a compact, automated platform—ideal for academic, industrial, and R&D environments.
  • With a variety of configurable options, the μBenchCAT offers exceptional flexibility, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, from catalyst screening and reaction kinetics to long-term stability testing and performance evaluation under real-world conditions.

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  • μBenchCAT reactor system

FEATURES

  • Maximum Operating Temperature: up to 1200°C, depending on reactor material
  • Maximum Operating Pressure: up to 100bar
  • Gas Feed Capability: Up to 6 independently controlled gas feeds
  • Liquid Feed Options: Configurable for 0, 1, or 2 liquid feeds
  • Reactor Materials: Available in stainless steel, quartz, or Incoloy to suit a wide range of chemical and thermal environments
  • Wetted Materials: Durable and chemically resistant components including Stainless Steel, PEEK, Kalrez, Viton, Incoloy, and Quartz
  • Isothermal Oven: Houses key process components in a uniformly heated environment, minimizing thermal gradients
  • Multi-Station Capability: Optional Dual μBenchCAT configuration allows for two stations to operate in parallel or series, enabling simultaneous or sequential experiments for enhanced productivity
  • Full Automation: Controlled through a LabVIEW-based interface for precise operation of temperatures, flows, valve sequences, and reactions
  • Redundant Safety Systems: Multiple layers of protection, including temperature safety switches, pressure relief valves, positive shut-off valves, firmware-level alarms, and software-based user alarms, ensuring safe and reliable operation

HARDWARE AND OPERATIONS

  • The μBenchCAT is engineered for high-performance catalytic testing in both gas- and liquid- phase environments. All core components are integrated into a compact, bench-top system, delivering precision, flexibility, and ease of use.
  • Reactor Feed System
  • The standard configuration supports up to 6 gas feeds and 2 liquid feeds. Each gas line includes a filter, electronic mass flow controller (MFC), check valve, and positive shut-off valve. The range and gas calibration of each MFC are specified by the customer to meet application requirements. Liquids are delivered via high-precision HPLC pumps (or liquid flow controllers), ensuring accurate and stable flow control.
  • Heated Isothermal Oven
  • An isothermal oven, operating up to 200°C, houses most process components to maintain a uniform thermal environment. This design minimizes condensation and ensures thermal stability throughout the system. Components located in the oven include:
    • Integral gas preheater and liquid preheater/vaporizer, operable up to 300°C
    • Feed mixer for combining gas and vapor streams
    • Reactor by-pass valves for process flexibility
    • Reactor furnace with control and safety thermocouples
    • Reactor, equipped with an internal sample thermocouple for accurate temperature measurement
  • Condenser
  • A tube-in-tube condenser, located downstream of the reactor and outside the oven, ensures effective removal of condensable components. A thermocouple monitors the coolant return temperature, helping maintain thermal consistency and system stability.
  • Gas/Liquid Separator
  • Positioned after the condenser, the gas/liquid separator ensures efficient phase separation.Standard configuration includes high- and low-level switches to activate an automatic drain valve.An optional capacitance liquid level sensor is also available, offering continuous, precise liquid level monitoring for advanced level control and long-duration automation.
  • Pressure Control
  • Reactor exit pressure is measured via a dedicated pressure transducer. A high-turndown pressure control valve is used to build and regulate system pressure, enabling steady-state operation under pressurized conditions across a wide pressure range.
  • Product Sampling Valve (Optional)
  • An optional product sampling valve can route reactor effluent directly to an external analytical device, such as a gas chromatograph or mass spectrometer, enabling real-time product analysis and enhanced experimental insight.

 

SOFTWARE

  • The μBenchCAT is fully automated to ensure ease of operation, process reliability, and repeatability. Designed for unattended operation, it allows users to configure experiments with minimal manual intervention. The operator simply inputs a sequence of process parameters and control steps, schedules a start time, and the system handles the rest.
  • All key functions—including valve positions, flow rates, temperatures, pressures, and product sampling—are automatically controlled by the system’s operating software. Data readback is performed at a user-defined sampling rate, and all data are saved in a text-delimited format for easy import into external software platforms for further analysis or reporting.
  • Control and data acquisition are managed through a dedicated LabVIEW-based application, developed specifically for the μBenchCAT. This software provides intuitive control logic, real-time visualization of system status, and complete experiment tracking, making the μBenchCAT a powerful tool for both routine and advanced catalytic research.
  • The μBenchCAT software includes three distinct user access levels, allowing controlled operation and protection of critical system settings:
  • • Locked-Out Mode: This mode is intended for security or safety scenarios where system access must be fully restricted. In this mode, no control actions or changes can be made until authorized login credentials are provided.
    • Operator Mode: Designed for routine users, this mode allows access to day-to-day functions such as loading saved procedures, starting/stopping experiments, adjusting basic run parameters, and viewing real-time data. Critical system configurations and calibration settings remain protected.
    • Supervisor Mode: This mode provides full access to all system settings, including calibration routines, gas configurations, user management, method creation/editing, and advanced diagnostics. It is intended for experienced users responsible for system setup, maintenance, and high-level customization
  • Software Screen

BENEFITS

  • Connection to External Detectors
  • The μBenchCAT provides seamless integration with external analytical instruments. The product effluent can be routed to a gas chromatograph (GC) or other detectors via an optional sampling valve, available in heated or unheated configurations. This capability enables real-time product analysis and greater experimental insight.
  • Built-In Safety Systems
  • Every μBenchCAT is designed with a robust suite of hardware, firmware, and software-level safety features to ensure safe operation under demanding experimental conditions:
  • • Check valves in all gas and liquid feed lines prevent backflow and cross-contamination.
    • Software-coded alarms continuously monitor temperatures and pressures. These alarms are configured by AMI based on system safety limits.
    •User-defined alarm matrix allows operators to set custom upper and lower limits for key process parameters and define actions if thresholds are exceeded.
  • Built-In Safety Systems (continued)
  • • Hardware over-temperature safety switch protects the furnace from overheating.
    • Firmware-level alarms safeguard all heating elements.
    • Preset pressure relief valves prevent system over-pressurization.
    • Front-mounted power switch provides immediate power cutoff in case of an emergency.
    • Double fusing is included in all 220 VAC process equipment for added electrical protection.
  • These layered safety features ensure that the μBenchCAT can be operated confidently in both routine and advanced catalytic studies.

BUILD A µBENCHCAT

  • A. Number of Gases
  • 0 G0
    1 G1
    2 G2
    3 G3
    4 G4
    5 G5
    6 G6
  • B. Number of Liquids
  • 0 L0
    1 L1
    2 L2
  • C. Pressure/Temp
  • ATM/1200 0
    50/650 50
    100/650 100
    100/800 1008
  • D. Reactor OD
  • 0.25 250
    0.375 375
    0.5 500
    0.75 750
  • E.Reactor Material
  • Quartz Q
    316SS S
    Inconel I
  • F. Gas/Liquid Separator
  • No 00
    Yes 01
  • G. GC Sampling Line
  • None 00
    Unheated After Pressure Reduction 01
    Heated, slip stream 02
  • Example: μ-G3-L1-0100-375-S-01-00

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